Which of the following best describes the purpose of an electrical transformer?

The purpose of an electrical transformer is primarily to convert high voltage to low voltage, making option B the correct choice. A transformer operates on the principle of electromagnetic induction and is designed to increase or decrease voltage levels as needed for effective transmission and distribution of electrical power.

Transformers are essential in power systems, allowing electricity generated at high voltages to be stepped down to lower voltages suitable for residential and commercial use. This is important because high voltage transmission is efficient for moving electricity over long distances, while lower voltages are necessary for safe utilization in homes and businesses.

In contrast, while some electrical devices are designed to change electrical energy into mechanical energy, that function describes motors, not transformers. The storage of electrical energy is typically the role of capacitors or batteries, not transformers. Measuring electrical flow is the function of ammeters or other measuring devices in the electrical system, rather than that of a transformer. Thus, the correct understanding of a transformer’s role is centered around its ability to adjust voltage levels for safe and efficient energy use.