What safety test must GFCI outlets pass before installation?

GFCI outlets are required to pass trip and reset tests before installation to ensure that they can effectively interrupt the electrical circuit when they detect a ground fault. This functionality is crucial for preventing electrical shock, as GFCIs are designed to protect individuals by shutting off the electrical flow when there is a difference in current between the hot and neutral wires. During the trip test, the GFCI is subjected to a simulated ground fault to confirm that it will trip at the specified sensitivity, usually at 4-6 mA. The reset test ensures that, after tripping, the outlet can be reactivated safely. This testing is essential because it verifies the GFCI's ability to provide proper protection in real-world conditions, ensuring safety for the end-users.

The other options serve different purposes: the voltage test checks the outlet for proper voltage supply, the continuity test ensures electrical connections are intact, and the load test examines how the outlet functions under a specific load, but none directly assess the GFCI's critical safety feature of detecting and responding to ground faults.